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A positive Kernig's sign indicates the presence of irritation of the meninges, which is typically associated with conditions like meningitis. When a patient presents with a positive Kernig's sign, they experience pain and resistance when trying to extend the leg while the hip is flexed at a 90-degree angle. This inability to fully extend the leg is a direct result of the inflammation or irritation of the meninges, leading to discomfort in the stretch of the muscles and nerves involved.

In clinical practice, this sign is particularly useful for assessing neurological status and determining the necessity for further diagnostic evaluation, such as a lumbar puncture, especially in patients presenting with symptoms of infection, fever, or altered mental status. Recognizing and interpreting this sign can significantly influence patient management and treatment strategies in a medical-surgical nursing setting.